Sand is one of the most important types of glass sand

Within the industry where

Composed mainly of metal quartz

( SiO2), Must be characterized by sand glass high degree of purity and white because they contain a very small proportion of colored materials such as iron oxide, chromium and titanium this percentage even more quality crude, and white sand ،, وAnd      .Contains crude to about 90% by weight glass sand while a kaolin 10% and crude ore contains about 98.5% of Alsellka and 37% of aluminum oxide and 05% iron oxide and conform with the specifications of these specifications for the English high-quality glass sand also can be obtained from the raw white sand.

That is complete chemical analysis

 

 

The aluminum silicate

What is the glass?

 

Article useless color mainly manufactured from molten silica in high temperatures with acid Alborik or phosphate. Glass found in nature and there are also volcanic material called volcanic glass or materials that arise from meteoroids. It is not solid or liquid glass, but in the case of special shows where substances are random, but there is enough cohesion to the events of the Federation, including chemotherapy. When cooling the glass up to his solid, but without thinking, and subjected to heat the glass to turn means. Typically, the glass transparent, but it may not be transparent or translucent, and different color depending on the components.
The molten glass Kalldaen so formed using several techniques. It is possible to cut glass when the cold. At low temperatures the fragile and broken glass. Such natural materials Kalzjaj volcanic and Altiktit components and characteristics similar to the glass industry.
The basic components of the glass are derived from silica sand and quartz al. The silica binds to very high temperatures to produce molten silica glass. The production of different types of glass at the silica with other raw materials at different rates. A Farewell vehicles such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate reduces the temperature of smelting and the wife of silica. Glass and assimilate usually at a high temperature does not expand or shrink significantly with the change in temperature, and hence be suitable for the production of materials used in the labs and things which are vulnerable to shocks such as thermal mirrors finalized. Glass is a bad conductor of heat and electricity and therefore beneficial to the electrical and thermal insulation.
 The glass industry dates back to 2000 BC. Since then, income glass in many of the purposes of human life daily. Been used in the manufacture of topical and useful materials and decorative materials, including the ornamental jewelry. It has also had an architectural and industrial applications. It was the oldest material is a glass Chrzat terms has been reached impulsive rivet until 1500 BC.
The Asian manufacturers are the first to set glass industry, including industry moved to Egypt as the first due to a timely glass Thatms III (1504 - 1450 BC). The glass industry has been revitalized in Egypt until about 1200 BC and then effectively ceased for several centuries. In the ninth century BC, appeared both Syria and Iraq as centers for the glass industry, industry and stretched across the Mediterranean region. In the Greek, Egypt played a major role in providing the royal palaces where the majestic glass manufactured in Alexandria. In the first century BC, there was a process Glassblowing the coasts Phenicia. In the Roman era, the glass industry spread in various regions of the Roman Empire.
Before the invention of a pipe Glassblowing, there were several ways of forming and decorating items made of stained glass either half transparent glass or silver, where cutting and forming some of the things of solid glass blocks. One immediate makers and metallurgical materials, glass makers quote casting operations where it had been pouring molten glass in the molds for the production of stuffing and small statues and timely open like cups and containers. It had been heating up glass rods problem beforehand and melted together in a mold to obtain "a" glass. The work was very complex models using a technique Mosaics .Where is the brother-in-law elements in the bar and then taken these elements to give a determination to form mixed. While they are arranging segments of the bars in the mold to form a shell or a painting and then heated until the pot.
Most industries glass before Roman times, it was to be formed by using the technique of the Central. They were fixing a mixture of mud and dung on the metal bar, and then give the figure of the shell procedure required, and then Gmsh in the crucible of molten glass or damaged threads of glass, and then re-heated and then continuously refine the flat stone. And on this form glass hanging threads of different colors formed patterns resembling wings on the high degree of beautiful scenes, as in the Egyptian glass left by the two couples eighteenth and nineteenth century. It was gripping addition, feet, neck and exposing this form of cooling. After withdrawing the penis and from the part that is the central part. In this way, they come bearing manufactured cosmetics and impulsive small size. Since the beginning of the sixth century BC, are these things the same designs immediate crockery in modern Greek.
With the beginning of the second century sea / VIII AD, the Muslims makers glass techniques in ancient Persian glass industry in terms of uncut makeup, which produced Muslims selfish with the emergence of high and many of these emerging perception issues relating to animals. As the Muslims also produced colorless glass to a high degree of quality and it designs Kalaglat minutes. The increased potential decoration with a decorative paint colors and Gildings The glass plants in Aleppo and Damascus this famous decorative possibilities. In Egypt, invented the tissues of refinement that led to the emergence of the effects of metallic colors Kalpni and shiny yellow and red, and was used in each of the pottery and glass industry. The painted lamps mosques and impulsive, cups and bottles graffiti engineering Islamic harmony, which have had a great impact on the glass industry in the Western and particularly after in Vienna and Spain.

The glass industry of chemical industries which recorded the task of Muslim Scholars Nboga and cleverness. As the pieces produced using Kahaggar dignified, and they brought out many improvements through Altazienat mosaic. They were making glass panels and colored-colored, as well as dishes and cups The bottles .The pitchers, lamps and bottles pet keeping perfumes, and other, and Tvennoa in graphics tools such wonderful graphics, and beautiful colors, and wrote verses of poetry by the slave.

He innovated Muslims vitrification, and is still the best of their work in the glazing and facades remain in mosques and mosques, as well as in buildings as well as archaeological Mahfouz is in the world of museums.
The dyes used in the mineral industry professional, not affected by the vagaries of weather, they did not affect the heat of the sun throughout the Holocaust hundreds of years. One Muslim Scholars Alpes Laure is excellent glass (crystal, according to the definition chemical talk), which contain different proportions of lead oxides, and undo notes, and knew him somewhat natural. And still used-and used-by Muslims in the industry mugs and pots, chandeliers, as well as in industry Rings, cosmetics and many household appliances. The glasses made him the eyes, and they called looking wall. The tools used glass in their laboratories and Creating Alanbek ،And Alathal, also called the lower part of the modern distillation machine. The elements were as follows : Glass Menterk (10 parts), Asvidaj (three parts), Vermilion (two parts), Broke(Part one), Noshadr (part one). Either way, the handiwork of crushed Everyone then Espek to give crystallized Vsosa works, it found Freckles Casting Bakuli II.
Alasvidaj is dioxide and lead, and it is well known that the newly shot is the most important components of the contemporary glass crystal, which is called Balkristal.

 The glass industry reached its peak under the rule of the Abbassids, in Baghdad, the Omayyad Dynasty in Andalusia, where the sinking of the Islamic world in the face of luxury and Finance, and flourished glass industry, and acquired tools luxurious palaces heads of dishes and bottles The hidden .The cups and tools delicious and decorations made of glass luxurious. Princes tools and the collection of glass resembling stones, was more precious than gold and silver, Natt by the beautiful landscape and Koranic verses, plants and some animals, fish and geometric shapes after drawing and dug carefully to leave the landscape and Koranic prominent and beautiful. .In Cairo, innovation has been painting glass shipments color after silver shiny silver coating glass vehicles, which heated the glass itself to the vessel to get the structure and yellow colors. Have been produced in the Levant and hidden Alvazat beautiful trees and coated shipments, bottles and delicious drink Cups manufactured in Aleppo, then moved manufacturing to Damascus.

.Also broken glass industry in Istanbul especially in the mosques of glass lamps painted in ports, which can be seen in the mosque regardless of Sofia, and in so many others, in all parts of the Islamic world, which is decorated hundreds of bulbs strung from roofs, so it seemed roofs of light. The lamps contain mosques pots of oil floating in cotton fuse, lights mosques and embellished.


The Muslims knew many types of glass known different nomenclature. Vsme same glass windows and Kazasa and Kouarira, and knew of metal and tiles, and they called net Balblor glass, transparent Ajudh sober, many rays, which is famous for the Venice and the island now known Balmurano. The glass made confusing part of the frying part with half of pure white sand Espkan up to a blending. One Kimaiohm kind of glass becomes the entity Almentarkat wear and raises, has kept secrets to themselves, and pointed to symbols, and they know Balmallouh and Al Matwi. The recipe he created : "to be taken from the absolute And Alkthirae And Calcified eggshell The constant punishment and incinerator lead White The snails .Equal parts crush until mixed, Sogginess water transfers, honey, and raise them and add ten to one hundred and Tspk and volatility in lipid castor works .... "
Also manufactured silver-colored glass by mixing equal amounts of each of pearls and urea, salt and Altenkar Alandrani Balkhal dissolved, and applied to the glass, and enter the fire. It makes no Aqiqa Smash dust Elimane resolved to find out that following the trowelled it, and then enter the fire, and its components :silver holocaust, Zag Vermilion , Sulphate. But if the quantity Alzaj stepped in to find out above, and add some Alkelknd, the color Khaloukia ..
And manufactures glass known Balfreetoni adding four Draham of eggshell Almenkoua milk in a full week, with the change every day, every night, to one hundred dirhams, has Moreover, like the Almegnisia Shahba The vocals lmaherkin and silver, followed Vsosa white transparent. The glass Extraordinary zero  Manufactures adding five receivers incinerator sulfur yellow, as well as Almertk, but if such add vocals Asrba Maharga quarter, or Rostakhtj color Atrgia. And that was replaced Almegnisia blood brothers and only a few Alzaj including vocals, and vocals kept on the situation of the cross, the left among our vocals on the situation and Dmmt mechanism for Krbah Azord, was rightfully very. Habikh have been used, also called hashish glass, in clear glass. And how to go and work aimed at the glass pots with water and the movement, Ftjloh Bakhchuntha and purification.
 And now the world knows about the 800th kind of glass of different structures, characterized some of the idiosyncrasies of one, and others are characterized by a set of attributes balanced. In spite of this huge number of structures that only 90% of all types of glass known sins of the same materials used in the glass industry in the Islamic civilization, and perhaps earlier, namely : the sand and frying is essential. Magnesium oxide has been used for the production of transparent glass clean colorless. Introduced metal oxides to give glass color, black-and-blue Alkhali and red and yellow and green.

It is the Islamic world glass industry has moved to Europe when it established professionals Egyptian manufacturers of glass in Greece, but manufacturers broken in 544 e / 1147, when the city ran swept Alnormadion professionals to the west, which helped Renaissance West in the field of glass in the Middle Ages. As some technicians also fled from Damascus to the West during the Mongolian invasion of the Muslim world. This is in addition to techniques for the manufacture of glass made by a number of European prisoners of Muslims during the Crusades. The God that accumulated secrets of the industry with professionals in Venice, and monopolized the glass industry in Europe until the 17th century when France learned the required techniques and secrets, and then moved to the glass industry and become the most important positions in the world.
Beginning in the 19th century AD entered the glass industry as a technology. The bottles are now industry and impulsive, which contains the odor through the process includes automatic pressure and blow.
As is the case of most manufacturing lenses and glasses of a microscope and finalized and cameras and other optical devices of optical glass, which is different from other types of glass in the way it reflects or break the sunshine.
A glass of the light sensitive film which is similar to photographic where the ions respond gold or silver in the article to the Highlighted .  This glass is used in printing operations and directing. The thermal treatment to be followed exposed to the light lead to permanent changes in this type of glass.
It was also manufacture glass reinforced a kind of glass containing certain minerals crystallize when exposed to ultraviolet red. When heated to high temperatures turns out to have the force of crystalline ceramic mechanical and electrical characteristics of isolating more ordinary glass. The use of this type of glass in the manufacture of kitchen and the front cone of rockets and space ships chips. It is possible to use other types of glass, metal industry in the high-efficiency power transformers.
There fiberglass that can be woven or light such as soft tissue through the withdrawal of molten glass diameter of up to ten thousand part of the pole. Given the constancy of the chemical, strength and resistance to fire and water, glass fibers used in the manufacture of ready-made clothes and upholstery. As used in the manufacture of thermal insulator.

 

 

 

Raw feldspar  

 

 

Limestone

E) WEAPONS COMPOSITION :